Devki Nandan Khetri

vakInaMdna K~I ka janma 18 jaUna 1861 ³AaYaaZ, ÌYNa 7 saMvat 1918´ kao Apnao nainahala pUsaa¸ maujaFfrpur ³ibahar´ maoM huAa qaa. ]nako pUva-ja pMjaaba ko inavaasaI qao¸ prntu jaba vahaM Arajakta fOla ga[- tao ]nako ipta laalaa [-Svardasa kaSaI jaakr basa gae. prntu kaSaI ko bajaae dovakInaMdna K~I ko bacapna ka AiQakaMSa Baaga Apnao nainahala maoM hI baIta. t%kalaIna irvaaja mautaibak ]nakI iSaxaa–dIxaa ]dU-–farsaI maoM hI hu[-. baad maoM kaSaI Aanao pr ]nhaoMnao ihndI¸ saMskRt AaOr AMga`ojaI ka BaI AQyayana ikyaa.gayaa ko iTkarI rajya sao ]nako ipta ka vyaavasaaiyak saMbaMQa qaa. AtÁ ]nhaoMnao Apnaa karaobaar gayaa maoM hI AarMBa ikyaa. jaba iTkarI rajya Avyavasqaa ko karNa sarkarI p`baMQa maoM calaa gayaa tao vao sqaayaI $p sao kaSaI calao gae. vahaÐ
]nhaoMnao kaSaI naroSa sao Apnao puranao saMpkao-M ka fayada ]zakr caikyaa AaOr naaOgaZ, ko jaMgalaaoM ko zoko lao ilae. jaMgalaaoM¸ phaiMD,yaaoM AaOr KMDhraoM kI Kak Cananaa ]nhoM bahut ip`ya qaa.

saOr–sapaTa¸ mahiflabaajaI AaOr ptMgabaajaI ko SaaOkIna dovakInaMdna K~I ka ]pnyaasakar bananaa mahja ek saMyaaoga qaa. huAa yah ik p`itbaMiQat xao~ maoM Saor ka iSakar hao jaanao kI vajah sao kuipt kaSaI naroSa nao jaMgalaaoM ko zoko ]nasao CIna ilae. [saI KalaI manaÁisqait maoM ]nhaoMnao ]pnyaasa ilaKnao kI yaaojanaa banaayaI AaOr [sa p`kar ‘caMd`kaMta’ ka phlaa Baaga 1888 maoM p`kaiSat huAa. ihMdI jagat maoM ‘caMd`kaMta’ ka svaagat ABaUtpUva- AaOr ivasmayakarI qaa. saflata sao ]%saaiht haokr 10 vaYaaoM- ko baad hI ]nhaoMnao inajaI p`osa ‘lahrI p`osa’kI sqaapnaa kI. [saI Ëma maoM ‘]pnyaasa lahrI’ naamak maaisak kI SauÉAat BaI ]nhaoMnao kI. Apnao doK–roK AaOr Aaiqa-k sahyaaoga sao maaQava p`saad imaEa ko saMpadk%va maoM ‘saudSa-na’ naamak saaihi%yak p~ ka p`kaSana BaI ]nhaoMnao AarMBa ikyaa¸ prMtu vah isaf- dao vaYa- calakr baMd hao gayaa.ek ]pnyaasakar ko $p maoM bahut kma samaya maoM ]nhaoMnao Apnao Aapkao p`itiYzt kr ilayaa.1 Agast 1913 kao maa~ baavana vaYa- kI Aayau maoM ]naka inaQana hao gayaa.

ihMdI maoM itilasmaI–eoyaarI ]pnyaasa ko ijasa $p kao dovakInaMdna K~I saamanao laayao¸ vah saMBava hO ik fOjaI ko ‘dastana AmaIr hmjaa’ AaOr ‘itilasma haoSaÉbaa’ sao po`irt hao. prMtu fOjaI ko ivaprIt ]nakI rcanaaAaoM maoM vaiNa-t rhsya–raomaaMca iksaI BaI AlaaOikk cama%karaoM sao mau@t maanavaIya bauiw kaOSala ka pirNaama lagatI hO.
]nhaoMnao Apnao phlao ]pnyaasa ‘caMd`kaMta’ ³1988–1891´ kao caar BaagaaoM maoM pUra ikyaa. 20 vaIM sadI ko AMitma dSak maoM ‘caMd`kaMta’ pr Toilaivajana ko ilae Qaaravaaihk BaI banaayaa gayaa jaao A%yaiQak laaokip`ya rha.‘caMd`kaMta’ ko baad 24 KMDaoM maoM ]nhaoMnao ‘caMd`kaMta saMtit’ ³1894–1905´ ilaKa¸ ijasamaoM ranaI cMad`kaMta AaOr rajaa vaIrond` isaMh kI saMtanaaoM kI [saI khanaI kao Aagao baZ,ayaa gayaa qaa. [sao dovakInaMdna K~I kI klpnaaSaIlata AaOr smaRit ka kmaala hI kha jaayaogaa ik 2000 pRYzaoM ko ]nako [sa ]pnyaasa maoM BaI kqaa–vastu ko saaro saU~ sausaMbaw hOM. Apnao ipClao ]pnyaasaaoM ko ek p`mauK eoyaar pa~ BaUtnaaqa kao koMd` maoM rKkr ]nhaoMnao ‘BaUtnaaqa’ ³1907–1913´ ]pnyaasa kI SauÉAat kI prMtu Asaamaiyak inaQana ko karNa vao p`qama Ch Baaga hI pUra kr pae. ‘BaUtnaaqa’ ek p`kar sao ‘caMd`kaMta saMtit’ ka piriSaYz Baaga hO. ‘caMd`kaMta saMtit’ AaOr ‘BaUtnaaqa’ ‘]pnyaasa lahrI’ maoM Qaaravaaihk $p maoM p`kaiSat hue qao. ‘BaUtnaaqa’ ko SaoYa 15 Baaga
]nako pu~ dugaa-p`saad K~I nao pUro ikyao.

itilasmaI–eoyaarI ]pnyaasaaoM ko maaQyama sao dovakInaMdna K~I nao manaaorMjak AaOr GaTnaap`Qaana ]pnyaasaaoM kI naIMva DalaI. ikssaagaao[- kI prMpra maoM ilaKo [na ]pnyaasaaoM kao pZ,nao ko ilae baD,I saM#yaa maoM laaogaaoM nao ihMdI saIKI. [sa dRiYT sao¸ BaaYaa ko str pr jaao kaya- svayaM BaartoMdu hirScaMd` nahIM kr pae¸ ]sao dovakInaMdna K~I nao pUra ikyaa. ]nhaoMnao itilasmaI–eoyaarI sao iBanna iksma ko ]pnyaasa BaI ilaKo hOM. ‘caMd`kaMta’ ko baad
]nhaoMnao ek duKaMt p`omakqaa ‘naroMd` maaoihnaI’ ³1893´ ilaKI. ]nako ‘kusauma kumaarI’ ³1894–1898´
]pnyaasa maoM ]%saukta AaOr saMyaaoga t<va kI p`Qaanata hO.]naka ]pnyaasa ‘vaIroMd` vaIr Aqavaa kTaora Bar KUna’ ³1895´ ek ApraQa kqaa hO.vaoSyaa jaIvana kao koMd` maoM rKkr ilaKI ga[- ‘kajar kI kaozrI’ ³1902´ BaI ApraQa kqaa ka raomaaMca dotI hO. prMtu [sa ]pnyaasa maoM vaoSyaavaRi<a kao ek saamaaijak samasyaa ko $p maoM doKnao ko bajaae vaoSyaa kao itrskar kI dRiYT sao doKa gayaa hO.vastutÁ K~I kI saarI rcanaaeM AadSa- ihMdU sanaatnaI vyavasqaa ka yaSaaogaana krtI idKa[- dotI hOM. [sako Aitir@t ‘laOlaa–majanaMU’ AaOr ‘gauPt gaaodnaa’ Baaga–1 BaI ]nhIM kI rcanaaeM hOM¸ jaao Aba AnauplabQa hOM. kuC laaoga ]nakI rcanaaAaoM maoM ‘AnaUzI baogama’¸ ‘naaOlaKa har’ AaOr ‘saaOdagar’ ka BaI ]llaoK krto hOM.

laaok$ica ka Qyaana rKto hue dovakInaMdna K~I nao Apnao ]pnyaasaaoM maoM pznaIyata kao savaa-iQak mah<va idyaa AaOr laaKaoM laaogaaoM kao ihMdI kI Aaor p`vaR<a ikyaa. ]nako ]pnyaasaaoM maoM vaO&ainak kqaasaaih%ya ko t<va BaI maaOjaUd hOM. halaaMik AalaaocakaoM nao ]nakI kafI ]poxaa kI¸ prMtu yah saca hO ik Akolao ]nhaoMnao ihndI ko ijatnao ivaSaala pazk vaga- ka inamaa-Na ikyaa¸ ]tnaa ]sa yauga sao saBaI ]pnyaasakar imalakr BaI na kr sako qao.

ŒKJ St